This section provides guidelines on how to structure the MQTT topic namespace for messaging interactions with applications running on IoT gateway devices.

Interactions may be solicited by a remote server to the gateway using a request/response messaging model, or unsolicited when the gateway simply reports messages or events to a remote server based on periodic or event-driven patterns.

The table below defines some basic terms used in this document:

A gateway, as identified by a specific client_id and belonging to a particular account_name, may have one or more applications running on it (e.g., “app_id1”, “app_id2”, etc.). Each application can manage one or more resources identified by a distinct resource_id(s).

Based on this criterion, an IoT application running on an IoT gateway may be viewed in terms of the resources it owns and manages as well as the unsolicited events it reports.

MQTT Request/Response Conversations

Solicited interactions require a request/response message pattern to be established over MQTT. To initiate a solicited conversation, a remote server first sends a request message to a given application running on a specific device and then waits for a response.

To ensure the delivery of request messages, applications that support request/response conversations via MQTT should subscribe to the following topic on startup:

$EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/#

The $EDC prefix is used to mark topics that are used as control topics for remote management. This prefix distinguishes control topics from data topics that are used in unsolicited reports and marks the associated messages as transient (not to be stored in the historical data archive, if present).

📘

While ESF currently requires “$EDC” as the prefix for control topics, this prefix may change in the future for the following reasons:

• MQTT 3.1.1 discourages the use of topic starting with “$” for application purposes.

• As a binding of LWM2M over MQTT is taking shape, it would make sense to use a topic prefix for management messages like “LWM2M” or similar abbreviations (e.g. "LW2”, “LWM”).

A requester (i.e., the remote server) initiates a request/response conversation through the following events:

1. Generating a conversation identifier known as a request.id (e.g., by concatenating a random number to a timestamp)

2. Subscribing to the topic where the response message will be published, where requester.client.id is the client ID of the requester, such as:

$EDC/account_name/requester.client.id/app_id/REPLY/request.id

3. Sending the request message to the appropriate application-specific topic with the following fields in the payload:
   • request.id (identifier used to match a response with a request)
   • requester.client.id (client ID of the requester)

The application receives the request, processes it, and responds on a REPLY topic structured as:

$EDC/account_name/requester.client.id/app_id/REPLY/request.id

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While this recommendation does not mandate the format of the message payload, which is application-specific, it is important that the request.id and requester.client.id fields are included in the payload. ESF leverages an MQTT payload encoded through Google Protocol Buffers. ESF includes the request.id and the requester.client.id as two named metrics of the Request messages. The ESF payload definition can be found here.

Once the response for a given request is received, the requester unsubscribes from the REPLY topic.

MQTT Request/Response Example

The following sample request/response conversation shows the device configuration being provided for an application:

account_name: guest
device client_id: F0:D2:F1:C4:53:DB
app_id: CONF-V1
Remote Service Requester client_id: 00:E0:C7:01:02:03

The remote server publishes a request message similar to the following:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/guest/F0:D2:F1:C4:53:DB/CONF-V1/GET/configurations
• Request Payload:
  • request.id: 1363603920892-8078887174204257595
  • requester.client.id: 00:E0:C7:01:02:03

The gateway device replies with a response message similar to the following:

• Response Topic:
  • $EDC/guest/00:E0:C7:01:02:03/CONF-V1/REPLY/1363603920892-8078887174204257595
• Response Payload, where the following properties are mandatory:
  • response.code
    Possible response code values include:
    • 200 (RESPONSE_CODE_OK)
    • 400 (RESPONSE_CODE_BAD_REQUEST)
    • 404 (RESPONSE_CODE_NOTFOUND)
    • 500 (RESPONSE_CODE_ERROR)
    • response.exception.message (value is null or an exception
      message)
      response.exception.message (value is null or an exception stack
      trace)

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In addition to the mandatory properties, the response payload may also have custom properties whose description is beyond the scope of this document.

It is recommended that the requester server employs a timeout to control the length of time that it waits for a response from the gateway device. If a response is not received within the timeout interval, the server can expect that either the device or the application is offline.

MQTT Remote Resource Management

A remote server interacts with the application’s resources through read, create and update, delete, and execute operations. These operations are based on the previously described request/response conversations.

Read Resources

An MQTT message published on the following topic is a read request for the resource identified by the resource_id:

• $EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/GET/resource_id

The receiving application responds with a REPLY message containing the latest value of the requested resource.

The resource_id is application specific and may be a hierarchical topic. It is recommended to design resource identifiers following the best practices established for REST API.

For example, if an application is managing a set of sensors, a read request issued to the topic "$EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/GET/sensors" will reply with the latest values for all sensors.

Similarly, a read request issued to the topic "$EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/GET/sensors/temp" will reply with the latest value for only a temperature sensor that is being managed by the application.

Create or Update Resources

An MQTT message published on the following topic is a create or update request for the resource identified by the resource_id:

• $EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/PUT/resource_id

The receiving application creates the specified resource (or updates it if it already exists) with the value supplied in the message payload and responds with a REPLY message.

As in the read operations, the resource_id is application specific and may be a hierarchical topic. It is recommended to design resource identifiers following the best practices established for REST API. For example, to set the value for an actuator, a message can be published to the topic "$EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/PUT/actuator/1" with the new value suplliied in the message payload.

Delete Resources

An MQTT message published on the following topic is a delete request for the resource identified by the resource_id:

• $EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/DEL/resource_id

The receiving application deletes the specified resource, if it exists, and responds with a REPLY message.

Execute Resources

An MQTT message published on the following topic is an execute request for the resource identified by the resource_id:

• $EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/EXEC/resource_id

The receiving application executes the specified resource, if it exists, and responds with a REPLY message. The semantics of the execute operation is application specific.

Other Operations

The IoT application may respond to certain commands, such as taking a snapshot of its configuration or executing an OS-level command. The following topic namespace is recommended for command operations:

• $EDC/account_name/client_id/app_id/EXEC/command_name

An MQTT message published with this topic triggers the execution of the associated command. The EXEC message may contain properties in the MQTT payload that can be used to parameterize the command execution.

MQTT Unsolicited Events

IoT applications have the ability to send unsolicited messages to a remote server using events to periodically report data readings from their resources, or to report special events and observed conditions.

📘

It is recommended to not use MQTT control topics for unsolicited events, and subsequently, to avoid the $EDC topic prefix.

Event MQTT topics generally follow the pattern shown below to report unsolicited data observations for a given resource:

• account_name/client_id/app_id/resource_id

Discoverability

The MQTT namespace guidelines in this document do not address remote discoverability of a given device’s applications and its resources. The described interaction pattern can be easily adopted to define an application whose only responsibility is reporting the device profile in terms of installed applications and available resources.

Remote OSGi Management via MQTT

The concepts previously described have been applied to develop a solution that allows for the remote management of certain aspects of an OSGi container through the MQTT protocol, including:

• Remote deployment of application bundles

• Remote start and stop of services

• Remote read and update of service configurations

The following sections describe the MQTT topic namespaces and the application payloads used to achieve the remote management of an OSGi container via MQTT.

📘

For the scope of this document, some aspects concerning the encoding and compressing of the payload are not included.

The applicability of the remote management solution, as inspired by the OSGi component model, can be extended beyond OSGi as the contract with the managing server based on MQTT topics and XML payloads.

Remote OSGi ConfigurationAdmin Interactions via MQTT

An application bundle is installed in the gateway to allow for remote management of the configuration properties of the services running in the OSGi container.

For information about the OSGi Configuration Admin Service and the OSGi Meta Type Service, please refer to the OSGi Service Platform Service Compendium 4.3 Specifications.

The app_id for the remote configuration service of an MQTT application is “CONF-V1”. The resources it manages are the configuration properties of the OSGi services. Service configurations are represented in XML format.

The following service configuration XML message is an example of a watchdog service:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<ns2:configuration xmlns:ns2=<http://eurotech.com/esf/2.0
  xmlns=<http://www.osgi.org/xmlns/metatype/v1.2.0>
  pid="org.eclipse.kura.watchdog.WatchdogService">

  <OCD id="org.eclipse.kura.watchdog.WatchdogService"
    name="WatchdogService"
    description="WatchdogService Configuration">

  	<Icon resource="WatchdogService"/>

    <AD id="watchdog.timeout"
      name="watchdog.timeout"
      required="true"
      default="10000"
      cardinality="0"
      type="Integer"
      description=""/>
  </OCD>

  <ns2:properties>
    <ns2:property type="Integer" array="false" name="watchdog.timeout">
      <ns2:value>10000</ns2:value>
    </ns2:property>
  </ns2:properties>
</ns2:configuration>

The service configuration XML message is comprised of the following parts:

• The Object Class Definition (OCD), which describes the service attributes that may be configured. (The syntax of the OCD element is described in the OSGi Service Platform Service Compendium 4.3 Specifications, Section 105.3.)

• The properties element, which contains one or more properties with their associated type and values. The type name must match the name provided in the corresponding attribute definition identifier (AD id) contained in the OCD.

The “CONF-V1” application supports the read and update resource operations as described in the following sections.

Read All Configurations

This operation provides all service configurations for which remote administration is supported.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/CONF-V1/GET/configurations
• Request Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the request ID and requester client ID
• Response Payload:
  • Configurations of all the registered services serialized in XML format

Read Configuration for a Given Service

This operation provides configurations for a specific service that is identified by an OSGi service persistent identifier (pid).

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/CONF-V1/GET/configurations/pid
• Request Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the request ID and requester client ID
• Response Payload:
  • Configurations of the registered service identified by a pid serialized in XML format

Update All Configurations

This operation remotely updates the configuration of a set of services.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/CONF-V1/PUT/configurations
• Request Payload:
  • Service configurations serialized in XML format
• Response Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the response code

Update the Configuration of a Given Service

This operation remotely updates the configuration of the service identified by a pid.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/CONF-V1/PUT/configurations/pid
• Request Payload:
  • Service configurations serialized in XML format
• Response Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific

Example Management Web Application

The previously described read and update resource operations can be leveraged to develop a web application that allows for remote OSGi service configuration updates via MQTT though a web user-interface.

The screen capture that follows shows an example administration application where, for a given IoT gateway, a list of all configurable services is presented to the administrator.

When one such service is selected, a form is dynamically generated based on the metadata provided in the service OCD. This form includes logic to handle different attribute types, validate acceptable value ranges, and render optional values as drop-downs. When the form is submitted, the new values are communicated to the device through an MQTT resource update message.

Remote OSGi DeploymentAdmin Interactions via MQTT

An application is installed in the gateway to allow for the remote management of the deployment packages installed in the OSGi container.

For information about the OSGi Deployment Admin Service, please refer to the OSGi Service Platform Service Compendium 4.3 Specifications.

The app_id for the remote deployment service of an MQTT application is “DEPLOY-V2”. The resources it manages are the packages deployed in the OSGi container.

DEPLOY-V2

Download and Install Messages

The download request allows to download and optionally install a software package.
The installation procedure will be performed after the download completes if the dp.install metric is set to true. If the metric is set to false, the installation step will not be performed.

The package type must be specified using the dp.install.system.update request metric, the supported types are the following:

• OSGi Deployment Package: An OSGi deployment package. Selected with dp.install.system.update = false.
• Executable Shell Script: A shell script that applies a system level update. Selected with dp.install.system.update = true.

The device will report the download progress and result of the installation to the cloud platform by sending asynchronous download notification messages and install notification messages.

The completion notification logic differs depending on the package type.

• OSGi Deployment Package: The completion notification will be sent immediately after that the Deployment Package is installed on the system.

• Executable Shell Script: The completion notification will not be sent immediately after that the shell script is executed, but is determined by the execution of an additional verifier script. The verifier script will be executed at next framework startup. A install notification message will be sent afterwards, with
  dp.install.status = COMPLETED if the exit status is 0 or dp.install.status = FAILED otherwise. This is based on the assumption that a system level update will typically require a device restart.

  The verifier script can be provided in the following ways:

  • By specifying a download URL as the value of the dp.install.verifier.uri request metric. In this case the framework will download the verifier script from the provided URL.

  • By installing it during the execution of the main shell script. In this case the file must be placed in the /opt/eurotech/esf/data/persistance/verification directory. The installed verifier file name must have the ${name}-${version}.sh_verifier.sh structure where ${name} and ${version} must be replaced with the values of the dp.name and dp.version request metrics.

🚧

As said above, in case of Executable Shell Script, the completion notification will not be sent if the verifier script is not provided and/or the framework is not restarted.

Request:

• Request Topic:

  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/EXEC/download

• Payload:

  • metrics:
    • dp.job.id (Long). Mandatory.
      Represents a unique Job ID for the download.
    • dp.uri (String). Mandatory.
      Represents the URI of the deployment package.
    • dp.name (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-SymbolicName in the
      DP MANIFEST.
    • dp.version (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-Version in the DP MANIFEST.
      The file will be saved in the temporary directory as
      <dp.name>-<dp.version>.jar possibly overwriting an existing file.
    • dp.download.protocol (String) Mandatory.
      Specifies the protocol to be used to download the
      bundles/shell scripts. Must be set to HTTP or HTTPS.
    • dp.download.block.size (Integer). Optional
      (if not specified by the cloud platform, it is estimated by the
      device, depending on the total file size. In this case it is
      fixed at 1% of the total file size).
      The size in kBi of the blocks used to download the DP.
    • dp.download.block.delay (Integer). Optional (default: 0).
      Delay in ms between block transfers.
    • dp.download.notify.block.size (Integer). Optional
      (if not specified by the cloud platform, it is estimated by the
      device, depending on the total file size. In this case it is
      fixed at 5% of the total file size).
      The size in kBi between the notification messages sent to the cloud
      platform.
    • dp.download.timeout (Integer). Optional (default: 60000).
      The timeout in seconds for each block that has to be downloaded.
    • dp.download.resume (Bool). Optional (default: true).
      Resume download transfer if supported by the server.
    • dp.download.force (Bool). Optional (default: true).
      Specifies if the download forces to download again the file,
      if already exists on target device.
    • dp.download.username (String). Optional.
      Username for password protected download. No authentication will be
      tried if username is not present.
    • dp.download.password (String). Optional.
      Password for password protected download. No authentication will be
      tried if password is not present
    • dp.download.hash (String). Optional.
      The algorithm and value of the hash of the file used to verify the
      integrity of the download. The format is of this property is:
      {algorithm}:{hash value}
    • dp.install (Bool). Optional (default: true).
      Whether the package should be immediately installed after being
      downloaded.
    • dp.install.system.update (Bool). Optional (default: false).
      Sets whether or not this is a system update, rather than a
      bundle/package update.
    • dp.install.verifier.uri (String). Optional.
      The verifier script URI to run after the installation of the system
      update.
    • dp.reboot (Bool). Optional (default: false).
      Whether the system should be rebooted as part of the package
      installation process.
    • dp.reboot.delay (Integer). Optional (default: 0 - immediately).
      Delay after which the device will be rebooted. Only meaningful if
      dp.reboot==true.

Response:

The client will reply immediately with an appropriate response.code.
If the platform retries the request but the download is in progress, the client
will reply that the request is already in progress with a 500 error code.
If the DP has already been downloaded, the client will reply that the request
has been accepted. If the dp.download.force flag is set to true, the client will
start the download from the beginning, if false the device will proceed with the
installation.

Payload: no application-specific metrics or body.

Request:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/GET/download
• Payload: no application-specific metrics or body.

Response:

• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • dp.http.transfer.size (Integer).
      The size in kBi of the DP being downloaded
    • dp.http.transfer.progress (Integer).
      The estimated progress of the download in percentage (0-100%).
      Do not rely on this indicator to detect the download completion.
    • dp.http.transfer.status (String).
      An enum specifying the download status
      (IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED, FAILED...).
    • job.id (Long) Optional.
      The ID of the job to notify status

Request:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/DEL/download
• Payload: no application-specific metrics or body.

Response:

• Response Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the response code. Unsolicited messages
    will report the status of the cancel operation.

Unsolicited messages for download progress

The client will start downloading the DP and will compute the size of the
transfer from the HTTP header. This size will be used to estimate the download
progress using the request parameter dp.download.block.size.
Next, the client will report the download progress to the platform by
publishing, with QoS==2, one or more unsolicited messages. If HTTP header is
not available, the device will report 50% as dp.download.progress for all the
download processes.
The value of requester.client.id is one of the last downloads or install
request received.

Download Notification:

• $EDC/account_name/requester.client.id/DEPLOY-V2/NOTIFY/client-id/download
• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • job.id (Long).
      The ID of the job to notify status
    • dp.download.size (Integer).
      The size in kBi of the DP being downloaded
    • dp.download.progress (Integer).
      The estimated progress of the download in percentage (0-100%).
      Do not rely on this indicator to detect the download completion.
    • dp.download.status (String).
      An enum specifying the download status (IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED,
      FAILED, CANCELLED...).
    • dp.download.error.message (String).
      In case of FAILED status, this metric will contain information
      about the error.
    • dp.download.index (Integer).
      The index of the file that is currently downloaded. This is supposed
      to support multiple file downloads.

Install Messages

Request:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/EXEC/install
• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • dp.name (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-SymbolicName in the DP
      MANIFEST.
    • dp.version (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-Version in the DP
      MANIFEST. The basename of the DP file will to install is derived as
      <dp.name>-<dp.version>.jar. The file is assumed to reside in the
      temporary directory.
    • dp.install.system.update (Bool). Mandatory.
      Specifies if the specified resource is a system update or not.
      It can be applied to the system immediately or after a system reboot.
    • dp.install.verifier.uri (String). Optional.
      The verifier script URI to run after the installation of the system
      update.
    • dp.reboot (Bool). Optional (default: false).
      Whether the system should be rebooted as part of the package
      installation process. There might be DPs requiring a
      post-installation (from the standpoint of the OSGi Deployment Admin)
      step requiring a system reboot. Note that the post-install phase is
      not handled by the Deployment Admin. The installation in this case
      is complete (and can fail) after the reboot.
    • dp.reboot.delay (Integer). Optional (default: 0 - immediately).
      Delay after which the device will be rebooted. Only meaningful if
      dp.reboot==true.

📘

Note

This operation can be retried. Anyway, if it fails once it's likely to fail again.

Response:

• Payload: Nothing application-specific beyond the response code. Unsolicited
  messages will report the status of the install operation.

Request:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/GET/install
• Payload: no application-specific metrics or body.

Response:

• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • dp.install.status (String).
      An enum specifying the install status
      • IDLE
      • INSTALLING BUNDLE
    • dp.name (String). Optional.
      If installing: the value of the header DeploymentPackage-SymbolicName
      in the DP MANIFEST.
    • dp.version (String). Optional.
      If installing: the value of the header DeploymentPackage-Version
      in the DP MANIFEST.

Unsolicited messages for install progress

If the value of dp.install in the original download request is true the client will start installing the DP.
Due to the limitations of the OSGi DeploymentAdmin, it's not possible to have feedback on the install progress.
However, these operations should normally complete in a few seconds, even for an upgrade.
Otherwise (dp.install==false), the platform can request the installation of an already downloaded package through the following message:

Install notification:

• $EDC/account_name/requester.client.id/DEPLOY-V2/NOTIFY/client-id/install
• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • job.id (Long).
      The ID of the job to notify status
    • dp.name (String).
      The name of the package that is installing.
    • dp.install.progress (Integer).
      The estimated progress of the install in percentage (0-100%). Due
      to limitations of the OSGi DeploymentAdmin, it's not possible to
      have a linear progress. It will go from 0% to 100% in one step. Do
      not rely on this indicator to detect the download completion.
    • dp.install.status (String).
      An enum specifying the install status (IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED,
      FAILED...).
    • dp.install.error.message (String) Optional.
      In case of FAILED status, this metric will contain information
      about the error.

Uninstall Messages

Request:

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/[account_name]/[client_id]/DEPLOY-V2/EXEC/uninstall
• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • dp.name (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-SymbolicName in the DP
      MANIFEST.
    • job.id (Long) Mandatory.
      The ID of the job to notify status
    • dp.version (String). Mandatory.
      The value of the header DeploymentPackage-Version in the DP
      MANIFEST. The basename of the DP file will to install is derived
      as <dp.name>-<dp.version>.jar. The file is assumed to reside in the
      temporary directory.
    • dp.reboot (Bool). Optional (default: false).
      Whether the system should be rebooted as part of the package
      uninstall process.
    • dp.reboot.delay (Integer). Optional (default: 0 - immediately).
      Delay after which the device will be rebooted. Only meaningful if
      dp.reboot==true.

Response:
The client will reply immediately with an appropriate response.code. If the platform retries the request but the uninstall operation is in progress, the client will reply that the request is already in progress with a 500 error code. At the end of the uninstall operation, an unsolicited message is sent to the cloud platform to report the operation status. If a reboot was requested in the received uninstall request, it will be executed with the specified delay.

Unsolicited messages for uninstall progress

Uninstall notification:

• $EDC/account_name/requester.client.id/DEPLOY-V2/NOTIFY/client-id/uninstall
• Payload:
  • metrics:
    • job.id (Long).
      The ID of the job to notify status
    • dp.name (String).
      The name of the package that is uninstalling.
    • dp.uninstall.progress (Integer).
      The estimated progress of the install in percentage (0-100%).
      Due to limitations of the OSGi DeploymentAdmin, it's not possible
      to have a linear progress. It will go from 0% to 100% in one step.
      Do not rely on this indicator to detect the download completion.
    • dp.uninstall.status (String).
      An enum specifying the uninstall status (IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED,
      FAILED...).
    • dp.uninstall.error.message (String) Optional.
      In case of FAILED status, this metric will contain information
      about the error.

Read All Bundles

This operation provides all the bundles installed in the OSGi framework.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/DEPLOY-V2/GET/bundles
• Request Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the request ID and requester
    client ID
• Response Payload:
  • Installed bundles serialized in XML format

The following XML message is an example of a bundle:

<bundles>
    <bundle>
        <name>org.eclipse.osgi</name>
        <version>3.8.1.v20120830-144521</version>
        <id>0</id>
        <state>ACTIVE</state>
    </bundle>
    <bundle>
        <name>org.eclipse.equinox.cm</name>
        <version>1.0.400.v20120522-1841</version>
        <id>1</id>
        <state>ACTIVE</state>
    </bundle>
</bundles>

The bundle XML message is comprised of the following bundle elements:

• Symbolic name
• Version
• ID
• State

Start a Bundle

This operation starts a bundle identified by its ID.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/DEPLOY-V2/EXEC/start/bundle_id
• Request Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the request ID and requester
    client ID
• Response Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the response code

Stop a Bundle

This operation stops a bundle identified by its ID.

• Request Topic:
  • $EDC/account_name/client_id/DEPLOY-V2/EXEC/stop/bundle_id
• Request Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the request ID and requester
    client ID
• Response Payload:
  • Nothing application-specific beyond the response code

Example Management Web Application

The previously described read, start/stop, and install/uninstall resource operations can be leveraged to develop a web application that allows for remote package deployment via MQTT though a web user-interface.

The screen capture that follows shows an example administration application where, for a given IoT gateway, a list of all deployed packages is presented to the administrator. It also provides the ability to install/uninstall or update the packages.

The Bundles tab lists all installed bundles and provides the ability to start and stop them as shown in the screen capture that follows.